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The working principle of static electricity
An atom consists of positively charged protons, negatively charged electrons, and neutrally charged neutrons. Electric forces usually arise between charges, where different charges attract and similar charges repel.

As a result of the equal number of electrons and protons in an atom, it is stable and neutral in charge. Negative and positive charges, the atom may gain more electrons, so its charge becomes negative, or lose electrons, so its charge becomes positive.

Static electricity arises when two different materials rub against each other, which leads to the transfer of negatively charged electrons from one material to another, so both materials become charged. one with a negative charge and the other with a positive charge, and there are many phenomena on charging objects with static electricity; When walking on a carpet, electrons move from the carpet to the body, so the body becomes charged with a negative charge, and when another person or a metal object touches it, it gets a simple electric shock as a result of the liberation of excess electrons from the body and the attraction of the other body to it.

The working principle of moving electricity
The moving electricity that produces an electric current arises due to the flow of electrons and their transmission from one atom to another in the body of the electrical conductor within the electrical circuit. Such as batteries that store latent electrical energy inside them and transfer them to charges to convert them into kinetic energy that causes the movement and flow of electrons.

The simple electrical circuit in which the electric current flows consists of three main components; It is the source of the voltage that represents the driving force of the electrons, such as the battery, and the path of the electrons, and it is made of a material that conducts electricity, such as copper wire, and the electrical load that contains electrical resistance, and it is intended for electrical devices that need electricity to operate; such as lamps, motors, etc.

and electric wires are used as an electrical connector whose function is to connect the positive part of the power source to the electric load, then connect the other end of the load to the negative end of the power source and close the circuit, so that the electric current begins to flow and transform the energy stored in the energy source into another form as thermal, light or kinetic energy.

Electromagnetic induction
The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction is considered one of the most important physical properties used in the generation of electric power, and this phenomenon can be defined as the generation of an electromotive force that creates an induced electric current that passes through an electric circuit if this circuit is exposed to a changing magnetic field, thanks to this discovery of the two worlds Faraday and Joseph Henry.

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